Pregnancy Health Management Overview

Pregnancy health management is an important guarantee for maternal and infant safety. Through systematic medical monitoring, scientific self-management, and timely disease prevention, pregnancy risks can be effectively reduced and healthy pregnancy promoted.

Prenatal Check-up System

Check-up Frequency Schedule

First Trimester (1-12 Weeks)

• Weeks 6-8: First check-up, confirm pregnancy
• Weeks 11-13: Early Down syndrome screening, NT scan
• Frequency: Every 4 weeks

Second Trimester (13-28 Weeks)

• Weeks 16-20: Mid-term Down syndrome screening, anomaly scan
• Weeks 24-28: Gestational diabetes screening
• Frequency: Every 4 weeks

Third Trimester (29-36 Weeks)

• Weeks 30-32: Fetal position check, ultrasound assessment
• Weeks 32-34: Fetal heart monitoring begins
• Frequency: Every 2 weeks

Term (37-40 Weeks)

• From Week 36: Weekly check-up
• Weeks 37-38: Delivery preparation assessment
• Weeks 39-40: Labor monitoring

Mandatory Check-up Items

Basic Check-ups

• Weight Monitoring: Checked every time, track weight gain
• Blood Pressure Measurement: Checked every time, monitor hypertension
• Fundal Height & Abdominal Circumference: Assess fetal development
• Fetal Heart Sound: Audible after 16 weeks, monitor fetal heart rate

Blood Tests

Blood Routine

• Hemoglobin: Monitor anemia
• Platelets: Assess coagulation function
• White Blood Cells: Detect infection
• Blood Type: Confirm blood type and Rh factor

Biochemical Tests

• Liver Function: Assess liver health
• Kidney Function: Check kidney function
• Blood Glucose: Screen for gestational diabetes
• Thyroid Function: Check for thyroid diseases

Infection Screening

• Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: Screen for Hepatitis B
• Syphilis Antibody: Screen for Syphilis
• HIV Antibody: Screen for HIV
• Rubella Virus Antibody: Screen for Rubella immunity

Urine Tests

• Urine Protein: Screen for preeclampsia
• Urine Glucose: Screen for gestational diabetes
• Urine Ketones: Assess metabolic status
• Urinary Tract Infection: Screen for urinary system infection

Imaging Tests

Ultrasound (B-scan)

• Early Ultrasound: Confirm intrauterine pregnancy, fetal heart
• NT Scan (11-13 weeks): Down syndrome screening
• Anomaly Scan (18-24 weeks): Structural screening
• Third Trimester Ultrasound: Assess fetal development and position

Other Imaging

• Non-Stress Test (NST): Assess fetal intrauterine status
• Biophysical Profile: Comprehensive assessment of fetal health

Special Check-up Items

Genetic Screening

• Early Down Syndrome Screening: 11-13 weeks, combined with NT and blood test
• Mid-term Down Syndrome Screening: 15-20 weeks, serological screening
• Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): 12-24 weeks, higher accuracy
• Amniocentesis: High-risk pregnant women, diagnostic test

Pregnancy Complication Screening

• Gestational Diabetes Screening: 24-28 weeks OGTT
• Preeclampsia Screening: Blood pressure, urine protein monitoring
• Cervical Competence Check: Pregnant women with a history of preterm birth
• Placental Function Check: Advanced age or high-risk pregnant women

Self-Health Management

Daily Self-Monitoring

Weight Management

• Monitoring Frequency: Weigh 1-2 times a week
• Normal Gain: 0.3-0.5 kg per week in the second trimester
• Recording Method: Fixed time, fixed conditions
• Target Control: Set targets based on pre-pregnancy BMI

Blood Pressure Monitoring

• Monitoring Frequency: 1-2 times a week
• Normal Value: <140/90mmHg
• Measurement Method: Measure after resting for 5 minutes
• Recording Note: Record date, time, value

Fetal Movement Monitoring

• Start Time: Start at 18-20 weeks of pregnancy
• Counting Method: Count for 1 hour at a fixed time every day
• Normal Standard: ≥30 times in 12 hours
• Abnormal Alert: Significantly reduced or disappeared

Symptom Observation

• Vaginal Bleeding: Color, amount, time
• Abdominal Pain: Location, nature, degree
• Edema Degree: Location, change after pressing
• Other Discomforts: Headache, vision changes, etc.

Lifestyle Management

Diet Management

• Balanced Nutrition: Reasonable combination of five food groups
• Calorie Control: Adjust according to pregnancy stage
• Food Safety: Avoid raw, cold, and unclean food
• Hydration: 2000-2500 ml per day

Exercise Management

• Suitable Exercise: Walking, pregnancy yoga, swimming
• Exercise Intensity: Moderate intensity, able to talk normally
• Exercise Time: 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week
• Contraindicated Exercise: Strenuous exercise, abdominal compression exercise

Schedule Management

• Sleep Time: 8-9 hours a day
• Sleep Position: Left lateral position in the second and third trimesters
• Work Arrangement: Avoid overwork
• Stress Management: Moderate relaxation, keep a happy mood

Disease Prevention and Management

Common Pregnancy Diseases

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Preeclampsia

• Definition: Hypertension + proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy
• High-Risk Factors: Primipara, multiple pregnancy, past medical history
• Preventive Measures: Regular check-ups, weight control, calcium supplementation
• Treatment Principles: Antihypertensive and antispasmodic, timely termination of pregnancy

Gestational Hypertension

• Definition: Blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy
• Management Principles: Close monitoring, medication control
• Lifestyle: Low salt diet, adequate rest

Gestational Diabetes

Screening Standards

• High-Risk Groups: Obesity, family history, past history
• Screening Time: 24-28 weeks
• Diagnostic Criteria: Abnormal OGTT values

Management Measures

• Diet Control: Carbohydrate control
• Exercise Therapy: Moderate exercise to lower blood sugar
• Medication Treatment: Insulin treatment
• Fetal Monitoring: Strengthen fetal monitoring

Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Cause: Increased iron demand during pregnancy
• Diagnosis: Hemoglobin <110g/L
• Prevention: Supplement iron, iron-rich foods
• Treatment: Oral iron, Vitamin C to promote absorption

Megaloblastic Anemia

• Cause: Folic acid or B12 deficiency
• Prevention: Supplement folic acid
• Treatment: Supplement corresponding vitamins

Infectious Disease Prevention

Common Infection Prevention

Urinary Tract Infection

• Symptoms: Frequent urination, urgency, painful urination
• Prevention: Drink plenty of water, urinate in time
• Treatment: Safe antibiotic treatment

Vaginal Infection

• Types: Bacterial, fungal, trichomonal
• Symptoms: Abnormal discharge, itching
• Prevention: Keep clean, avoid sitting for a long time

Respiratory Infection

• Prevention: Wash hands frequently, avoid contact with sick people
• Treatment: Safe medication treatment

Vaccination

Recommended Vaccines

• Flu Vaccine: Any time during pregnancy
• Tdap Vaccine: 27-36 weeks of pregnancy

Avoid Vaccines

• Live Attenuated Vaccines: Measles, mumps, rubella

Mental Health Management

Common Psychological Problems

Prenatal Anxiety

• Manifestations: Worry about fetal health, delivery process
• Coping: Learn knowledge, seek support, relaxation training
• Severe Cases: Need psychological counseling

Prenatal Depression

• Manifestations: Low mood, loss of interest, sleep disorders
• High-Risk Factors: Past history of depression, insufficient social support
• Treatment Principles: Early identification, active intervention

Psychological Adjustment Methods

Stress Management

• Cognitive Adjustment: Correct understanding of pregnancy and delivery
• Relaxation Training: Deep breathing, meditation, yoga
• Social Support: Understanding and support from family and friends

Emotional Regulation

• Express Emotions: Share with partner, friends
• Hobbies: Maintain appropriate hobbies
• Professional Help: Seek psychological counseling when necessary

Emergency Identification

Situations Requiring Immediate Medical Attention

Severe Symptoms

• Heavy Vaginal Bleeding: More than menstrual flow
• Severe Abdominal Pain: Persistent severe pain
• Abnormal Fetal Movement: Significantly reduced or disappeared
• Severe Headache: Accompanied by blurred vision

High-Risk Signs

• Hypertensive Crisis: Blood pressure ≥160/110mmHg
• Premature Rupture of Membranes: Vaginal fluid leakage
• Regular Contractions: Regular contractions before 37 weeks
• Severe Edema: Obvious edema of face and hands

First Aid Principles

• Stay Calm: Do not panic
• Seek Medical Attention Immediately: Do not delay
• Lie Flat and Rest: Keep quiet and rest
• Record Symptoms: Record the time and manifestation of symptoms

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Friendly Reminder: Pregnancy health management requires a combination of medical monitoring and personal management. Regular prenatal check-ups are the foundation, self-management is the key, and disease prevention is the guarantee. If you have any doubts or abnormalities, please consult a professional doctor in time.